TIMELINE — A Truant Disposition

A Truant Disposition

APPENDIX ONE: TIMELINE

1533 - Birth of Elizabeth Tudor (Elizabeth I), granddaughter of Henry VII, daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.

1534 - Parliament renounces Papal authority and declares Henry VIII head of the Church of England.

1536 - Anne Boleyn (Elizabeth’s mother) is executed.

1542 - Birth of Mary Stuart (Mary Queen of Scots, MaryQS), great-granddaughter of Henry VII and daughter of King James V of Scotland and Mary Guise of France.

1547 - Henry VIII dies; his son, Edward VI, becomes king. 1551

- John Dee is active in the Tudor court.

1553 - Edward VI dies. Lady Jane Grey becomes queen and is executed days later. (Catholic) Mary Tudor, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon becomes Queen Mary I.

1557 - Scotland is proclaimed Protestant.

1558 – Mary I dies, and (Protestant) Elizabeth Tudor becomes Queen Elizabeth I. She appoints William Cecil Principal Secretary. Some consider Elizabeth illegitimate, and her cousin MaryQS the legitimate heir to the English throne.

1559-1565 – (Catholic) Mary Stuart returns to Scotland after the death of her husband, King Francis II of France. She is Queen of Scotland; marries Henry Stuart (Stewart) (Lord Danley), also a descendant of Henry VII.

1564 – Birth of William Shakespeare.

1566 - Birth of James, son of Mary Queen of Scots and Lord Darnley. He becomes King James VI of Scotland, and later, King James I of England.

1567 - Lord Darnley is murdered. MaryQS marries the Earl of Bothwell. MaryQS is forced to abdicate.

1568 - MaryQS flees to England.

1568/1569–1590 - Ardently opposed to the Catholic Church, Francis Walsingham devotes himself to the queen’s spy service started by W. Cecil. Walsingham trains spies and double agents.

1570 - Pope excommunicates Queen Elizabeth as “the servant of infamy” and calls England “the refuge of wicked men.”

John Dee writes the preface to the English translation of Euclid’s Elements.

1571-1572 - Elizabeth elevates William Cecil to “Lord Burghley.”

- Elizabeth recognizes James VI as King of Scotland.

- Duke of Norfolk is executed for plotting to free MaryQS (June).

- St. Bartholomew Day Massacre of Protestants in Paris (August).

1573 - Walsingham is recalled from France and named Principal Secretary.

1584 - Discoverie of Witchcraft, by Reginald Scot.

1585 - Walsingham’s spies identify leaders of plot seeking MaryQS’s freedom.

1586 - Walsingham secures evidence to convict MaryQS of treason.

- A Treatise on Melancholy, by Timothy Bright, a protégé of Walsingham.

1587 - Walsingham brings MaryQS to trial; she is beheaded.

1588 - England defeats the Spanish Armada.

1590 - Francis Walsingham dies.

1592 - John Dee is charged with being “the conjurer of the Queen’s Privy Council.”

1594 - Shakespeare’s company first performed at court; some version of Hamlet is performed by his acting company.

1596 - Robert Cecil succeeds his father, Lord Burghley, as Lord Chamberlain, Principal Secretary.

1597 - King James VI of Scotland (future James I of England) publishes Daemonologie.

1598 - Lord Burghley (William Cecil) dies.

1599 - Earl of Essex takes army to Ireland, is defeated, returns without Queen’s permission, and is put under house arrest.

- Printing of English histories forbidden unless sanctioned by the Privy Council.

- ca. 1600 - A version of Shakespeare’s Hamlet is performed.

1601 - Essex Rebellion fails. The day before the rebellion, Shakespeare’s company performs Richard II for the Essex faction.

- Robert Cecil testifies at Essex’s trial; Essex is sentenced to death.

1603 - Queen Elizabeth dies (March).

- Robert Cecil prospers under the accession of Scotland’s King James to the throne of England (July) as King James I.

- King James becomes patron of Shakespeare’s acting company renaming it “The King’s Men.”

1603-1604 – The First Quarto and Second Quarto texts of Shakespeare’s Hamlet are printed.

- James adopts title: “King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland.”

1607 - The only (however disputed) record of “The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark” performed during Shakespeare’s lifetime: an off-shore performance aboard a ship.

1533 - Birth of Elizabeth Tudor (Elizabeth I), granddaughter of Henry VII, daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.

1534 - Parliament renounces Papal authority and declares Henry VIII head of the Church of England.

1536 - Anne Boleyn (Elizabeth’s mother) is executed.

1542 - Birth of Mary Stuart (Mary Queen of Scots, MaryQS), great-granddaughter of Henry VII and daughter of King James V of Scotland and Mary Guise of France.

1547 - Henry VIII dies; his son, Edward VI, becomes king. 1551

- John Dee is active in the Tudor court.

1553 - Edward VI dies. Lady Jane Grey becomes queen and is executed days later. (Catholic) Mary Tudor, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon becomes Queen Mary I.

1557 - Scotland is proclaimed Protestant.

1558 – Mary I dies, and (Protestant) Elizabeth Tudor becomes Queen Elizabeth I. She appoints William Cecil Principal Secretary. Some consider Elizabeth illegitimate, and her cousin MaryQS the legitimate heir to the English throne.

1559-1565 – (Catholic) Mary Stuart returns to Scotland after the death of her husband, King Francis II of France. She is Queen of Scotland; marries Henry Stuart (Stewart) (Lord Danley), also a descendant of Henry VII.

1564 – Birth of William Shakespeare.

1566 - Birth of James, son of Mary Queen of Scots and Lord Darnley. He becomes King James VI of Scotland, and later, King James I of England.

1567 - Lord Darnley is murdered. MaryQS marries the Earl of Bothwell. MaryQS is forced to abdicate.

1568 - MaryQS flees to England.

1568/1569–1590 - Ardently opposed to the Catholic Church, Francis Walsingham devotes himself to the queen’s spy service started by W. Cecil. Walsingham trains spies and double agents.

1570 - Pope excommunicates Queen Elizabeth as “the servant of infamy” and calls England “the refuge of wicked men.”

John Dee writes the preface to the English translation of Euclid’s Elements.

1571-1572 - Elizabeth elevates William Cecil to “Lord Burghley.”

- Elizabeth recognizes James VI as King of Scotland.

- Duke of Norfolk is executed for plotting to free MaryQS (June).

- St. Bartholomew Day Massacre of Protestants in Paris (August).

1573 - Walsingham is recalled from France and named Principal Secretary.

1584 - Discoverie of Witchcraft, by Reginald Scot.

1585 - Walsingham’s spies identify leaders of plot seeking MaryQS’s freedom.

1586 - Walsingham secures evidence to convict MaryQS of treason.

- A Treatise on Melancholy, by Timothy Bright, a protégé of Walsingham.

1587 - Walsingham brings MaryQS to trial; she is beheaded.

1588 - England defeats the Spanish Armada.

1590 - Francis Walsingham dies.

1592 - John Dee is charged with being “the conjurer of the Queen’s Privy Council.”

1594 - Shakespeare’s company first performed at court; some version of Hamlet is performed by his acting company.

1596 - Robert Cecil succeeds his father, Lord Burghley, as Lord Chamberlain, Principal Secretary.

1597 - King James VI of Scotland (future James I of England) publishes Daemonologie.

1598 - Lord Burghley (William Cecil) dies.

1599 - Earl of Essex takes army to Ireland, is defeated, returns without Queen’s permission, and is put under house arrest.

- Printing of English histories forbidden unless sanctioned by the Privy Council.

- ca. 1600 - A version of Shakespeare’s Hamlet is performed.

1601 - Essex Rebellion fails. The day before the rebellion, Shakespeare’s company performs Richard II for the Essex faction.

- Robert Cecil testifies at Essex’s trial; Essex is sentenced to death.

1603 - Queen Elizabeth dies (March).

- Robert Cecil prospers under the accession of Scotland’s King James to the throne of England (July) as King James I.

- King James becomes patron of Shakespeare’s acting company renaming it “The King’s Men.”

1603-1604 – The First Quarto and Second Quarto texts of Shakespeare’s Hamlet are printed.

- James adopts title: “King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland.”

1607 - The only (however disputed) record of “The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark” performed during Shakespeare’s lifetime: an off-shore performance aboard a ship.

1616 – William Shakespeare dies.

1642-51 - Civil War in England

1642 - By an act of parliament, all theatres close.

1649 King Charles I is executed.

1660 Theatres reopen with the Restoration of the Monarchy under Charles II.